RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Shrinking the Covariance Matrix JF The Journal of Portfolio Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 55 OP 63 DO 10.3905/jpm.2007.690606 VO 33 IS 4 A1 David J. Disatnik A1 Simon Benninga YR 2007 UL https://pm-research.com/content/33/4/55.abstract AB The subject here is construction of the covariance matrix for portfolio optimization. In terms of the ex post standard deviation of the global minimum-variance portfolio, there is no statistically significant gain in using more sophisticated shrinkage estimators rather than simpler portfolios of estimators. This finding holds whether or not the investor imposes short sale constraints to prevent portfolio weights from being negative.TOPICS: Portfolio construction, statistical methods, risk management