@article {Grinold18, author = {Richard C. Grinold and Ronald N. Kahn}, title = {Breadth, Skill, and Time}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {18--28}, year = {2011}, doi = {10.3905/jpm.2011.38.1.018}, publisher = {Institutional Investor Journals Umbrella}, abstract = {The information ratio determines the potential of an investment process to add value, and according to the fundamental law of active management, adding value depends on a combination of skill and breadth. Grinold and Kahn use an equilibrium dynamic model to provide insight into the concept of breadth, as well as a refined notion of skill. In equilibrium, the arrival rate of new information exactly balances the decay rate of old information. Grinold and Kahn denote the information turnover rate g. It is relatively easy to measure for any investment process. If the investment process forecasts returns on N assets, the breadth of the strategy i is g {\textperiodcentered} N. Skill{\textemdash}the correlation of forecasts and returns{\textemdash}increases with the return horizon for small horizons, but then asymptotically decays to zero for very long horizons. The authors{\textquoteright}main result is that the ex ante information ratio is ,where ? is a measure of skill.TOPICS: Portfolio theory, statistical methods, performance measurement}, issn = {0095-4918}, URL = {https://jpm.pm-research.com/content/38/1/18}, eprint = {https://jpm.pm-research.com/content/38/1/18.full.pdf}, journal = {The Journal of Portfolio Management} }