RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Implementation Shortfall JF The Journal of Portfolio Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 25 OP 30 DO 10.3905/jpm.2006.661367 VO 33 IS 1 A1 Mark Kritzman A1 Simon Myrgren A1 Sébastien Page YR 2006 UL https://pm-research.com/content/33/1/25.abstract AB Implementation shortfall refers to the total cost of buying or selling a set of securities or of transitioning from one set of securities to another. It comprises the explicit costs of commissions and bid-ask spreads as well as implicit costs such as market impact and the opportunity cost of transacting at what may be disadvantageous prices. A comprehensive analysis of implementation shortfall uses a unique sample of 800,000 security transactions to provide information on component costs and methods of trading. Market trades cost nearly six times more than internal crosses. An adjustment to implementation shortfall to account for liquidity and risk makes it possible to compare the quality of portfolio transitions.TOPICS: Portfolio construction, equity portfolio management