RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Are Gain and Loss Respectable? JF The Journal of Portfolio Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 61 OP 69 DO 10.3905/jpm.2002.319855 VO 28 IS 4 A1 Philip O'Connor A1 Michael S. Rozeff YR 2002 UL https://pm-research.com/content/28/4/61.abstract AB Properly defined, gain and loss are intuitive reward-risk concepts that have broad ramifications in finance. The authors use gain and loss to explain diversification and asset pricing. Their approach allows the effect of unmatched gains and losses to drive the benefit of diversification. The market portfolio is seen as having the highest gain-loss ratio of all assets.