RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 A Penalty Cost Approach to Strategic Asset Allocation with Illiquid Asset Classes JF The Journal of Portfolio Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 33 OP 41 DO 10.3905/jpm.2015.41.2.033 VO 41 IS 2 A1 Mark Hayes A1 James A. Primbs A1 Ben Chiquoine YR 2015 UL https://pm-research.com/content/41/2/33.abstract AB Traditional approaches to asset allocation do not directly address the issue of liquidity. The financial crisis brought liquidity management to the forefront for several large university endowments—investors who heretofore had been considered thought leaders in their approaches to asset allocation. The authors discuss a new approach developed at Stanford University that modifies the familiar mean–variance optimization framework by incorporating an illiquidity-related marginal penalty function that varies with each investor’s liquidity needs. The new methodology allows for an explicit, easily communicated, and natural specification of illiquidity preferences that works in conjunction with the standard Markowitz approach to solve the asset-allocation problem faced by today’s institutional investors.TOPICS: Portfolio construction, statistical methods, in portfolio management