RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Investing Contingent Capital JF The Journal of Portfolio Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 80 OP 87 DO 10.3905/jpm.2004.442625 VO 30 IS 5 A1 Ronald Layard-Liesching YR 2004 UL https://pm-research.com/content/30/5/80.abstract AB Passive investment of capital will not serve to meet return goals for many pension funds, a reality that is fueling huge interest in new alpha activities. Alpha strategies appear to offer incremental return with the same capital invested, but an alpha strategy can add value only because fund capital is at risk, so alpha return should be measured relative to the contingent capital placed at risk in order to obtain the return. This contingent capital framework can also be used to evaluate new alternatives such as insurance or credit derivatives. Based on extreme value theory, it provides an improved framework for efficient use of the fund's total risk budget.