RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Liability-Relative Investing II JF The Journal of Portfolio Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 40 OP 53 DO 10.3905/jpm.2004.443318 VO 31 IS 1 A1 M. Barton Waring YR 2004 UL https://pm-research.com/content/31/1/40.abstract AB Here is an update of the technology for calculating surplus efficient frontiers and surplus asset allocation that separately incorporates both systematic and unsystematic (or beta and alpha) characteristics, and yields an economic view of the liability. This measure of the liability is more relevant to the asset allocation problem than the standard approaches, enabling a better risk control system for pension plans by controlled hedging of the assets against the liability. The framework allows the inclusion of alpha and active risk from active management.